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Carcinoma squamo-cellulare di Marjolin
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Carcinoma squamo-cellulare di Marjolin

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Carcinoma squamo-cellulare di Marjolin
Specialità oncologia e chirurgia
Classificazione e risorse esterne (EN)
ICD-10 C44.L12

Il carcinoma squamo-cellulare di Marjolin o ulcera di Marjolin è un tumore maligno della cute che può insorgere raramente in aree cutanee già colpite da ulcere, o da gravi ustioni. L'incidenza lifetime di questa neoplasia è attorno all'1-2% nei soggetti con ulcere croniche di vecchia data o con esiti cicatriziali di ustioni subdermiche

Storia

Il primo riscontro in letteratura risale al 1903 in un lavoro di J.C. Da Costa che indicò come ulcera di Marjolin una ulcera venosa degenerata.

Eziologia

Il processo per cui si viene ad instaurare questa forma di tumore maligno è poco chiara; si è a conoscenza del fatto che il tumore si sviluppa in aree di cute in cui vi è una cronicità della lesione. Il periodo di latenza, ossia da quando inizia l'evento traumatico e il manifestarsi del tumore, è abbastanza lungo (alcuni autori parlano di 20-32 anni) ed è inversamente proporzionale all'età; questo incide sulla formulazione di una diagnosi tempestiva.

Diagnosi

La biopsia è il metodo favorito di diagnosi. Campioni di tessuto dovrebbero essere estratti dal centro e il margine della lesione, così come dalle zone ulcerate e zone necrotiche.

Trattamento

Si predilige il trattamento chirurgico; si rimuove la lesione completamente e circa un centimetro di bordo sano attorno all'ulcerazione. La radio-terapia è un'alternativa di trattamento non invasivo che ha dato soddisfacenti esiti in molti casi.

Prognosi

Il tumore data la sua aggressività ha un alto grado di mortalità: 4 casi su 5.

Bibliografia

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